Symmetry of Polynominoes

This entry is part 38 of 71 in the series Durtles Problems of the Weeks
Problem of the Week #38: Monday September 25th, 2023
As before, these problems are the results of me following my curiosity, and I make no promises regarding the topics, difficulty, solvability of these problems.
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Polynominoes are figures made up of square units connected by edges.  For example, there is only one of each of monominoes (polynominoes with 1 unit) and dominoes (2 units) and only two trinominoes (3 units), as shown below:

a square, two squares stacked vertically, three squares stacked vertically, and three squares arranged in an L shape.

There are 5 tetrominoes (4 units), and 2 of them have a mirror image that cannot be rotated to overlap with its original.  Let’s call these two figures sided tetrominoes.

Four squares stacked vertically, four squares arranged in an L shape pointing to the right, an identical L shape pointing to the left, four squares arranged in a T shape, four squares arranged in a Z shape pointing up, an identical Z shape pointing down, four squares arranged in a bigger square.

a). Find the number of lines of symmetry for each of the tetroninoes.

b. Which of the tetrominoes have a point of symmetry?.

c). In how many ways can each of the tetrominoes be placed in a square grid?  For example the first tetromino above can be place vertically or horizontally, while the last has only one orientation in the grid.

d). How many pentominoes (5 units) are there?

e). How many sided pentominoes are there?

f). How many pentominoes have exactly 4 orientations in the square grid?

g). How many pentominoes have exactly 8 orientations in the square grid?

h). How many n unit polynominoes are there, where n is a natural number?

i). How many sided n unit polynominoes are there, where n is a natural number?

j). How many n unit polynominoes have exactly 4 orientations in the square grid?

k). Share your own problem inspired by this one.

l). Give one of these questions to a friend/colleague/student/family member to start a mathematical discussion.

Series Navigation<< Tiling with TetrominoesPerimeters of Polynominoes >>

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